Brazil’s energy transition has moved beyond legislative momentum and into early commercial implementation across emerging clean energy segments such as sustainable fuels, carbon capture and storage, and low-carbon hydrogen. Recent developments, including the launch of the National Industrial Decarbonisation Strategy at COP30 and the first domestic deliveries of SAF, signal tangible progress while also highlighting the challenges ahead. As the debate shifts from ambition to execution, what conditions are still required for Brazil to scale SAF, CCS and hydrogen into commercially viable industries?